FAQs

The LaSalle Shipwreck

  • On October 22, 1875, during its second season, the LaSalle departed Chicago with 22,000 bushels of wheat bound for Buffalo. On the night of October 25, while sailing into a gale near Two Rivers Point (now Rawley Point), it lost its rudder. Before Captain Parker could anchor the vessel, it struck bottom and drifted ashore, becoming embedded in hazardous quicksands. The ship filled with water, forcing the crew to spend the night in the rigging before being rescued by local fishermen the next morning. Despite efforts by tugboats Leviathan and J.J. Hagerman, the LaSalle could not be freed, was deemed badly damaged, and was declared a total loss. It was subsequently stripped of its anchors, spars, and some rigging, and then abandoned.

  • The best place to park for access to the LaSalle shipwreck on the beach in Two Rivers is Point Beach State Forest or the Neshotah Park & Beach, as both offer parking and convenient access to Lake Michigan's shore where the shipwreck is located. You can park in the designated areas within Point Beach State Forest, or at Neshotah Park, and then walk or bike to the beach to view the shipwreck.

    Parking and Access

    Point Beach State Forest: This is a state forest near Two Rivers with parking available. From the forest, you can access the Rawley Point Trail which leads to the beach, providing a great way to walk to the shipwreck.

    Neshotah Park & Beach: This park is located in Two Rivers and also offers parking. From the park, you can easily access the beach and walk to the shipwreck location.

  • Today, the LaSalle shipwreck lies in twelve feet of water, offering easy access for kayakers, boaters, snorkelers, and beginning divers. Much of the vessel's original rigging, which was surprisingly not salvaged, was found balled up inside the hull, including wire rigging that supported the masts, deadeyes, and circular hearts. The distinctive iron deck knees, a key feature for its identification by archaeologists, are visible along the hull sides. The wreck's high level of hull integrity makes it a valuable site for historical and archaeological exploration.

  • The LaSalle shipwreck is located in Lake Michigan near Two Rivers, Wisconsin, at approximately 44° 11.524' N, 87° 30.591' W.

  • The National Register of Historic Places is the official national list of historic properties in America, maintained by the National Park Service. It includes sites, buildings, structures, objects, and districts deemed worthy of preservation for their significance in history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture. In 2017, the Wisconsin Historical Society announced the listing of the LaSalle Shipwreck on the National Register, recognizing its historical and archaeological importance. This designation also provides legal protection for the shipwreck, prohibiting divers from removing artifacts or altering its structure.

  • The Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary, designated in 2021, is one of 18 underwater parks within the National Marine Sanctuary System. Co-managed by NOAA and the state of Wisconsin, it safeguards maritime heritage in Lake Michigan, covering 962 square miles and encompassing 36 known shipwreck sites, including the LaSalle. The sanctuary expands on existing state management efforts, bringing new opportunities for research, resource protection, education, and promoting heritage tourism. Its designation provides a national stage for protecting significant historic sites like the LaSalle, which played a central role in building the nation between the 1830s and 1930s.

  • Despite its current exposure, significant portions of the LaSalle's stern and portside bow sections are likely still concealed beneath layers of silt and organic material, offering numerous opportunities for future archaeological research. A more detailed archaeological survey of construction features specific to canallers, such as the stem and stern construction, the turn of the bilge, and hull lines, could significantly enhance our limited understanding of these unique vessels. The high level of hull integrity means the LaSalle site has immense potential to yield further insights into 19th-century maritime commerce and the evolution of canaller construction, including nuances of differing hull lines, construction techniques, and adaptations for bulk cargo needs.

  • The LaSalle was a three-masted schooner launched on April 11, 1874, from the Parsons & Humble shipyard in Tonawanda, New York. It was purpose-built as a "canaller" for transit through the Welland Canal locks, enabling trade on Lake Ontario and connecting the Midwest economically and culturally with eastern markets. Designed for strength, size, and speed, it featured angle-iron deck knees for greater capacity, estimated at over 23,000 bushels of grain. Its boxy construction and dimensions (139 feet long, 26-foot beam, nearly 11-foot depth of hold) allowed it to fit precisely within the canal's lock chambers.

  • The wreckage of the LaSalle was rediscovered in the spring of 2015 by powered-parachute pilot Suzze Johnson. Its exposure was due to a period of significant sand movement on Rawley Point. Historic low lake levels on Lake Michigan in 2013, followed by a rebound in subsequent years, caused sand displacement that uncovered four new shipwrecks in the vicinity, with the LaSalle being one of them. The full 139-foot hull was found lacking quagga mussel colonization, and features like the weather deck, Sampson post, and windlass knees indicated a loss of more than nine feet of sand cover.

  • The LaSalle shipwreck is a rare and vital example of a "canaller" vessel, crucial for the Midwest's economy and transportation infrastructure before extensive road and rail networks existed. It played a significant role in connecting the burgeoning Grain Belt with eastern markets. Its listing in the National Register of Historic Places in 2017 recognizes its importance in national, state, and local history. Archaeologically, the LaSalle offers unique insights into 19th-century wooden vessel construction, particularly for canallers, about which limited documentation and comparative studies exist. Its well-preserved hull has already significantly contributed to understanding Great Lakes canaller construction and holds vast potential for future research into maritime commerce and vessel evolution.

The Lookout Shipwreck

  • Yes, it is a very comfortable paddle out to the Lookout.  It is marked during the months of July through September.  The buoys are visible from shore.

  • The National Marine Sanctuary System, encompassing 18 underwater parks across over 629,000 square miles of ocean and Great Lakes waters, plays a crucial role in safeguarding America's premier marine places. From Washington state to the Gulf of America, and from the Great Lakes to the Pacific Islands, these sanctuaries protect and manage iconic marine environments and their associated maritime heritage. By investing in innovative solutions, the system aims to strengthen these places against 21st-century challenges, while also supporting commerce and tourism. These unique locations are designed to inspire people to visit, value, and actively steward the nation's ocean and Great Lakes waters.

  • No, the Lookout is not visible from shore.

  • The schooner Lookout sank on April 29, 1897, around 4 AM. While sailing north from Chicago to Masonville (now Little Bay de Noc, Michigan) without cargo, it encountered a fierce northeast gale and came too close to Twin Rivers Point (now Rawley Point), stranding 200 yards off the beach, approximately five miles north of Two Rivers. Life Saving Service patrolman Gagnun discovered the wreck at 5 AM. Despite the severe storm conditions making it impossible to launch a surfboat from the station, two teams of horses were acquired to transport a surfboat and beach apparatus to the scene. Fearing the ship would break up before rescue, Captain John Olson ordered his seven-man crew to abandon ship in the yawl at 7:00 AM. All crew members safely reached shore, shortly before the rescue team arrived at 7:30 AM.

  • The best place to park for access to the beach for the Lookout shipwreck is Point Beach State Forest and then walk to a launch point there. Parking is available in the forest off County Road O. From the forest, you can access the beach to find a suitable spot to launch kayaks or other watercraft to view the shipwreck.

  • Today, the wreck site of the schooner Lookout lies partially embedded in a bed of quicksand, in 11 to 15 feet of water, approximately 4.35 miles northeast of Two Rivers, Wisconsin, off Point Beach State Forest in Lake Michigan. The bow and most of the ship’s lower hull remain intact and protected within a fine, gelatinous, soft sand. Near the stern, the quicksand transitions to a hard, sandy bottom. The visible wreckage is well-preserved, having been recently uncovered from the sand in the summer of 2015. While the stern and portside bow sections are likely still buried, the deck machinery and rigging were salvaged shortly after the wreck in 1897.

  • The schooner Lookout was built in 1855 by George Hardison in Buffalo, New York, a prolific early master shipwright on the Great Lakes. It was constructed for Henry A. Frink, a commercial barrel stave and lumber dealer, and its master, Charles Morey, owned a quarter share. Throughout its nearly 45-year career, the Lookout was vital to the economy of Wisconsin and the Midwest, primarily transporting bulk cargo. It carried Midwestern corn and grain to ports on Lake Erie and, on return trips, mainly transported coal to supply the Upper Midwest with fuel for heating and industry. This trade significantly fueled the expansion of the Grain Belt and the construction of large grain elevators on western Lake Michigan.

  • The Lookout Shipwreck is located in Lake Michigan, off the coast of Two Rivers, Wisconsin, at 44° 11.707' N, 87° 30.596' W.

    The shipwreck is located 4.35 miles northeast of Two Rivers, off Point Beach State Forest. The wreck is partially embedded in sand and rests in 11 to 15 feet of water.

  • The Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary, designated in 2021, is a co-managed site between NOAA and the state of Wisconsin located in Lake Michigan. It expands on Wisconsin's existing 30-year management of historic sites, aiming to protect and research the nation's maritime heritage. The sanctuary encompasses 962 square miles and contains 36 historic shipwreck sites, with research suggesting another 60 may still be undiscovered. These shipwrecks, representing vessels active between the 1830s and 1930s, played a crucial role in building the nation by facilitating maritime bulk cargo transportation before the development of modern road and rail networks. The sanctuary also promotes recreation and heritage tourism, providing a national platform for these activities.

  • Both state and federal laws protect the Lookout shipwreck and other historic sites within the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary. These laws prohibit divers from removing artifacts or any part of the structure when visiting the site. Any act of removing, defacing, displacing, or destroying artifacts or the sites themselves is considered a crime. These protections ensure the preservation of these invaluable maritime heritage resources for future generations and research.

  • Suzze Johnson is a local resident who has achieved remarkable success in locating historic shipwrecks, particularly at Rawley Point in Two Rivers, Wisconsin. She is credited with discovering six of the twelve named wrecks at Rawley Point, including the Major Anderson, Tubal Cain, Lookout, LaSalle, Alaska, and Grace Patterson. What makes her achievements particularly unique is that she is the only person to have discovered this many shipwrecks on Lake Michigan using an ultra-light aircraft. She will be hosting an event in August to share her experiences and knowledge.

  • The Lookout shipwreck holds significant archaeological importance due to its age and excellent integrity. Constructed in 1855, it is one of the few remaining pre-Civil War built schooners in Wisconsin waters. Nineteenth-century wooden vessels were rarely built to drawn plans, meaning little documentation exists today about their construction techniques and hull designs. The Lookout's wreck site, with most of its hull components present and excellent archaeological integrity, offers a rare opportunity to study and understand historic wooden vessel construction, the nuances of differing hull lines, and adaptations to bulk cargo needs between sailing vessel types. Data gathered from the Lookout has substantially enhanced the understanding of Great Lakes schooner construction.

The Pathfinder Shipwreck

  • Yes, it is a very comfortable paddle out to the Pathfinder.  It is marked during the months of July through September.  The buoys are not visible from shore.

  • The Pathfinder's string of bad luck culminated on the night of November 17, 1886. While in tow of the steam barge Jim Sheriffs, loaded with 1,200 tons of iron ore, it encountered an enormous gale and snowstorm north of Rawley Point. The Pathfinder iced up and its towline broke. Despite several attempts by the Jim Sheriffs' captain to re-establish the tow, the severe sea conditions made it impossible. The schooner ultimately went ashore in a bed of quicksand at approximately 4 a.m. on November 18, 1886, off the Point Beach State Forest coast.

  • While the Pathfinder shipwreck is a significant historical site in Lake Michigan, the provided sources indicate that it is located just outside the boundaries of the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary. The sanctuary is located in Lake Michigan off Wisconsin's Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, and Kewaunee counties, while the Pathfinder is near Rawley Point, which is within Manitowoc County. However, one source explicitly mentions the discovery of the schooner Trinidad in 2023, noting that it lies "just outside the national marine sanctuary," prompting efforts for its addition to the National Register of Historic Places to ensure its protection. The Pathfinder, with its well-preserved remains, fits the profile of the historical shipwrecks the sanctuary aims to protect and promote.

  • No, the Pathfinder is not visible from shore.

  • Fortunately, no lives were lost in the shipwreck of the Pathfinder. The next morning, the crew of the Pathfinder was able to see the Jim Sheriffs nearby. They rowed over to the steam barge in a small boat with great difficulty, safely reaching their companions.

  • The sanctuary's main goals are stewardship of the nation's maritime heritage, research, resource protection, and education. It also aims to promote recreation and heritage tourism in partnership with local communities. Activities include mapping the lakebed using sonar, conducting archaeological assessments, installing real-time wind-and-wave buoys for boating safety, developing educational programs for teachers and the public, creating an advisory council, and planning to install moorings at shipwreck sites to facilitate diving and protect the wrecks from anchor damage.

  • The best place to park and walk to see the Pathfinder shipwreck is at The Rahr Memorial School Forest located off Highway O.  You can park on the gravel road in front of the school forest and hike to the beach approximately a ¼ mile.

  • The Pathfinder shipwreck lies in 15 feet of water in a bed of quicksand off the coast of Two Creeks, Wisconsin. It was discovered in 2013 by Suzze Johnson, a powered parachute operator, who had a clear view of the wreck from the sky. Although the hull structure has split and twisted, most of the vessel’s lower hull remains intact, along with its cargo of iron ore. Many of its upper deck works, rigging, and anchors were salvaged shortly after its grounding, but major structural components like its centerboard trunk and keelson structure are still present, making it an excellent site for divers, kayakers, and snorkelers.

  • The Pathfinder shipwreck is located at 44° 14.429' N, 087° 30.397' W. The wreck sits in Lake Michigan off the coast of Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, near the town of Two Creeks.

    Location: The shipwreck lies in shallow water, only 12 to 15 feet deep, about 2.6 miles north of the Rawley Point Lighthouse.

  • The Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary, designated in 2021, is a protected area in Lake Michigan co-managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the state of Wisconsin. It encompasses 962 square miles along 82 miles of Wisconsin's coast, protecting 36 known historic shipwreck sites and an estimated 60 more yet to be discovered. These wrecks, dating from the 1830s to the 1930s, represent vessels crucial to the nation's development and are considered nationally important archaeological resources due to the cold, fresh water of Lake Michigan preserving many of them in excellent condition.

  • The Pathfinder seemed to be continuously plagued by misfortunes during its years of service. Its first year saw it involved in a collision near Chicago. In 1871, it ran into a railroad warehouse in Escanaba, Michigan, causing hull leaks and significant damage to the warehouse. In 1874, it ran aground on the Colchester reef in Lake Erie. Later incidents included encountering a heavy squall in 1882 that caused $3,700 in repairs, colliding with the steam barge Fred McBrier (though not its fault), losing its sails in a strong gale near Alpena, Michigan in 1883, and sustaining damage in 1884 when another schooner, the JV Taylor, was redirected into it on the Chicago River.

  • The Schooner Pathfinder was a large, three-masted wooden schooner, approximately 200 feet long, built in Detroit in 1869. Its primary purpose was to transport goods across the Great Lakes, specifically carrying coal from Lake Erie to the upper lakes and returning to Lake Erie ports with grain. At the time of its sinking, it was carrying 1,200 tons of iron ore.

The Tubal Cain

  • Yes, it is a very comfortable paddle out to the Tubal Cain.  It is marked during the months of July through September.  The buoys are visible from shore.

  • The Tubal Cain is one of the 36 historic shipwreck sites located within the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary, which was designated in 2021. This sanctuary, co-managed by NOAA and the state of Wisconsin, provides stewardship for maritime heritage in Lake Michigan. The inclusion of sites like the Tubal Cain within the sanctuary expands opportunities for research, resource protection, and education, and helps promote recreation and heritage tourism on a national stage.

  • No, the Tubal Cain is not visible from shore.

  • The Tubal Cain was partially insured for between $10,000 and $18,000, and its cargo was insured for $37,500. On December 6, 1867, the remains of the vessel were sold to Jonah Richards, Esq. for $800. It is unclear if Richards intended to salvage the vessel, as no further documentation of its actions could be found.

  • The Tubal Cain shipwreck is located approximately 300 feet offshore within the Point Beach State Forest, so the best launch point for visiting the wreck is from a beach within Point Beach State Forest, particularly near the southern end, as it is the closest accessible point on land to the wreck's location. While there are no marked launch sites for the shipwreck itself, you can launch a kayak or paddleboard from any beach within the forest, with the wreck being closest to the shore in that area.

  • The National Marine Sanctuary System safeguards America's premier marine places, protecting 18 underwater parks spanning over 629,000 square miles of ocean and Great Lakes waters across various regions. By investing in innovative solutions, the system aims to strengthen these iconic places to address 21st-century challenges while simultaneously supporting American commerce and tourism. These unique locations inspire people to visit, value, and steward the nation's iconic ocean and Great Lakes waters.

  • The Tubal Cain shipwreck, located in Lake Michigan near Two Rivers, Wisconsin, is found at approximately 44°09′22″N, 87°32′32″W.

  • The Tubal Cain's final voyage occurred on November 26, 1867. While carrying 18,000 bushels of wheat from Milwaukee, it went ashore near Two Rivers, Wisconsin. The wreck was attributed to a combination of harsh weather conditions that morning – a hard southeastern wind, rain, and heavy fog – and careless navigation. Fortunately, all crew members survived the initial grounding. However, a northeast gale later that evening washed away her cabin, and by Tuesday, she had settled so deeply into the sand that her deck was ten feet underwater. Only her anchors and rigging could be salvaged.

  • The Tubal Cain was a barque, a type of sailing vessel, launched in 1866 in Detroit, MI. It was specifically built as a "canaller" for the lumber and grain trade, designed to transport these goods from Chicago to various ports in New York, navigating through the Welland Canal.

  • Today, the remains of the Tubal Cain are located 1.33 miles northeast of the Two Rivers, Wisconsin harbor entrance, approximately 300 feet offshore, on a heading of 120 degrees. The wreck rests in 7 to 10 feet of water, lying on an even keel. Its port and starboard sides are intact up to the deck shelf, but the deck and bulwark are no longer present. The shifting sands of Rawley Point have recently exposed the vessel, contributing to its well-preserved state and lack of invasive mussel colonization. The keel and lower hull appear unbroken, suggesting the upper hull sections may still be buried in the sand.

  • The Tubal Cain was built by master shipwright James Monroe 'J.M.' Jones, son of the Great Lakes pioneer shipwright Augustus Jones. Upon its launch in 1866, it was owned by Noah Dibble, J.M. Jones, A. Ashley, and A. Howe. However, by early 1867, ownership had changed twice, with Byron Whitaker and Wm. Beals becoming equal owners.

  • The Tubal Cain is significant because it represents a unique and numerically uncommon class of vessel – a barque or canaller – from early Great Lakes shipbuilding history. There is limited historical documentation on the construction and operation of these vessel types. Therefore, much of our understanding comes from archaeological data, particularly from sites like the Tubal Cain. Its site, documented by the Wisconsin Historical Society in 2015 and 2016, has already provided valuable archaeological knowledge and has the potential to yield even more as the sands uncover additional parts of the wreck in the future.

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